Kino Flo ballasts are designed to be flicker-free at any shutter speed or shutter angle on film cameras. Depending on the model, Kino Flo ballasts operate between 25kHz and 48kHz essentially eliminating flicker. However, there is mounting evidence that electronic cameras display different image capture methodologies that may result in flicker from gas discharge sources and surprisingly even quartz lighting. With electronic cameras the flicker becomes evident at the time of capture. If flicker is observed, then it is essential to shoot within the standard flicker-free speed and shutter angle settings. It is always best to run a test prior to your shoot date.